Flowering

WILDFLOWER FLOURISHES AND FLOPS:

SONORAN DESERT:
ARIZONA UPLAND

Most of the images on this page were taken in two locations:
5 - Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and vicinity
6 - Tucson vicinity, mainly the Tucson Mts. and Picacho Peak State Park

Avra Valley near Tucson in March 1941. Botanist J.J. Thornber standing in a huge field of Mexican gold poppies (Eschscholtzia mexicana). This habitat is actually the extreme eastern edge of the Lower Colorado River Valley subdivision. The surrounding hills are Arizona Upland.

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1941	2.72	0.12	1.62	2.82	2.00	1.01	0.98	11.27	SPECTACULAR

There is poor documentation for the years between 1941 and 1964. William McGinnies of the University of Arizona’s Desert Laboratory was an avid wildflower watcher. Though he was not in Tucson for the entire period, he did not remember any great wildflower blooms in the area between 1941 and 1978.

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1964	1.10	0.09	1.23	0.08	0.31	0.05	1.38	4.24	POOR
1965	1.69	1.15	1.25	1.22	0.89	1.01	0.42	7.63	FAIR?
1966	0.87	0.03	0.86	7.27	1.95	2.79	0.14	13.91	GOOD?
1967	3.78	0.51	0.32	0.15	0.05	0.02	0.56	5.39	POOR
1968	1.03	1.26	0.70	5.71	0.43	1.73	2.19	13.05	GREAT?
1969	0.01	0.17	1.56	0.50	0.62	0.31	0.34	3.51	POOR
1970	0.26	0.05	1.28	0.73	0	0.36	1.47	4.15	POOR
1971	2.57	0.44	0.01	0.46	0.15	0.57	0.05	4.25	POOR
1972	1.23	1.57	0.73	1.12	0	0	0.05	4.70	POOR
1973	0.83	4.82	1.59	0.23	0.03	1.54	3.98	13.02	GREAT?
1974	0	0	0.40	0	0.94	0.01	0.38	1.73	POOR
1975	1.56	2.03	0.14	0.22	0.30	0.20	1.15	5.60	POOR
1976	0.30	0.13	0.25	0.82	0.08	0.25	0.59	2.42	POOR
1977	1.08	1.10	0.53	0.04	2.30	0.10	0.47	5.62	POOR
1978	0.20	2.90	0.28	1.92	2.43	1.70	1.65	11.08	GREAT?

**Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Rainfall (inches)**
1978	0.33	1.21	0	1.38	1.42	1.38	1.57	7.29	GOOD?

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1979	0.02	0.00	2.19	2.71	2.43	0.98	0.84	9.17	SPECTACULAR

**Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1979	0.86	2.64	2.87	2.87	2.95	0.08	2.20	14.47	SPECTACULAR

Along I-8 near Gila Bend AZ.

Tohono O’odham Indian Reservation near Kitt Peak, AZ. (This site has since been invaded by exotic Lehman’s lovegrass and may never support such massive native wildflower displays again.)

Wildflower displays in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument - poppies, lupines, owl clover, brittlebush, and phacelia.

**Tucson rainfall**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1980	0.15	0.10	0.14	0.23	0.63	2.24	1.44	4.93	POOR
1981	1.89	0.46	0.00	0.14	1.24	0.83	1.67	6.23	POOR
1982	1.11	0.27	0.96	0.00	1.49	0.22	1.42	5.47	POOR
1983	3.03	0.00	0.95	2.80	1.24	0.83	1.67	10.52	GOOD

Field of annual globemallow (Sphaeralcea cf. coulteri) on the Tohono O’odham Indian Reservation west of Tucson. This site is in the eastern edge of the Lower Colorado River Valley subdivision.

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1984	5.76	5.61	1.49	0.98	0.55	0.00	0.00	14.39	FAIR?
1985	2.47	1.30	0.47	3.43	1.56	0.83	0.38	10.44	FAIR
1986	1.55	0.75	1.12	0.29	0.73	1.74	1.57	7.75	FAIR?
1987	0.26	0.36	0.52	1.55	0.70	1.42	0.87	5.68	POOR
1988	1.55	0.38	0.29	1.45	0.39	0.56	0.17	4.79	POOR
1989	0.19	3.00	0.00	0.25	0.87	0.06	0.85	5.22	POOR
1990	0.04	1.91	0.39	0.36	1.39	0.82	2.07	6.98	POOR
1991	2.51	0.54	0.46	3.31	1.50	0.87	1.81	11.00	FAIR?
1992	0.77	0.95	1.10	2.20	1.79	2.36	2.41	11.58	FAIR
1993	1.06	0.28	0.00	3.24	5.80	1.78	1.07	13.23	GOOD
(The desert turned lush with annuals but they were mostly non-showy species)
1994	0.12	0.44	1.47	0.38	0.01	1.43	1.35	5.20	POOR
1995	0.77	0.60	1.33	3.69	1.15	1.43	0.55	9.52	FAIR

While there were few annuals in 1995, brittlebush put on its best show in years in the Tucson Mountains.

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1996	0.23	0.12	0.89	0.21	0.10	1.53	0.11	3.19	POOR
1997	2.13	0.71	0.42	0.01	0.94	0.38	0.72	5.31	POOR
1998	0.64	0.78	0.89	3.10	0.13	3.91	1.92	11.37	GREAT-

Spectacular nearly everywhere else in the Sonoran and Mohave deserts, the bloom from Organ Pipe east to Tucson was less than great in 1998. It certainly seemed fantastic after 19 years of mostly poor showings, but photos of past blooms are better than our memories.

Annuals were not abundant around Tucson, but Calochortus kennedyi (desert mariposa) and Delphinium scaposum put on their best show in 20 years. These photos were taken in King Canyon near the Desert Museum.

Calochortus kennedyi, Delphinium scaposum, and Rafinesquia neomexicana

Calochortus kennedyi and Rafinesquia neomexicana

**Organ Pipe Cactus national Monument rainfall(inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1998	1.67	0.62	0.13	4.24	0.33	3.70	2.11	12.80	GREAT-

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument put on a beautiful show, but it was pale in comparison to 1978 and 1979. Hurricane Nora got the seedlings started, but dry spells in November and January probably stunted their growth.

Eschscholtzia mexicana (Mexican gold poppy) and Castilleja exserta (owl clover). This was one of the few large patches of poppies this year.

A field of Phacelia crenulata (caterpillar weed). This species was a dominant in 1998.

A mass of a species of small white composite with a few owl clover.

Castilleja exserta (=Orthocarpus purpurascens, owl clover) was very rare in 1998. Compare with 1979 when it was a dominant part of the show.

One of the few good patches of owl clover in 1998.

While Organ Pipe Cactus NM was only good in 1998 compared to 1979, nearby Coffeepot Mountain just east of Ajo was spectacular. It must have received more rain at a crucial time. Since it’s off the beaten track, few people witnessed its glory. There are too many species of annuals in these two images to list; how many can you distinguish?

This massive display was on the San Carlos Indian Reservation northeast of Phoenix. See more great images of the desert Southwest and other areas at the Ramblin' Cameras website.

**Tucson Rainfall (inches)**
	SEP	OCT	NOV	DEC	JAN	FEB	MAR	TOTAL	QUALITY
1999	0.83	0.15	0.81	0.45	0.06	0.06	0.27	2.63	POOR
2000	1.02	0	0	0	0.23	0.45	1.41	2.88*	POOR

* 1999-2000 was the driest winter ever recorded in Tucson. (The September and March rains at the Desert Museum reported here largely missed the official weather station at the airport.)